Generously grease a 12-cup muffin pan with canola oil cooking spray.
On a lightly floured work surface, roll out the enriched dough into a 14-inch square. Move the dough around and check underneath it a couple of times to make sure it is not sticking to the work surface, dusting lightly with more flour as needed. Brush any flour off the top of the dough with a dry pastry brush. Let the dough rest on the counter for 5 minutes. If it shrinks while resting, roll it out again to a 14-inch square and let rest again for 5 minutes.
In a small bowl, stir together the melted butter, green onions, garlic, garlic powder, salt, and pepper.
Using a pizza cutter, cut the square of dough into 4 even strips, 14 inches long × 3½ inches wide. Spoon 3 tablespoons of the melted butter mixture over the first strip and use the back of the spoon to spread the butter evenly over the entire surface of the dough. Stack a second strip of dough directly on top of the buttered dough, lining up the edges and pressing down gently. Spoon 3 tablespoons of the melted butter mixture over the second strip and use the back of the spoon to spread the butter evenly over the entire surface of the dough. Stack a third strip of dough and repeat with the melted butter. Stack the final piece of dough on top but do not butter it.
Cut the stacked dough in half so that you have two rectangles, each 7 inches long × 3½ inches wide. Spoon 2 tablespoons of the melted butter mixture over one of the rectangles and use the back of the spoon to spread the butter evenly over the entire surface of the dough. Stack the second rectangle of dough directly on top of the buttered dough, lining up the edges and pressing down gently. Set aside the remaining butter mixture at room temperature.
Using a large chef’s knife or a sharp pizza cutter, cut the rectangle into 12 equal pieces, each about 1¾ × 1¼ inches. Place the pieces in the prepared muffin cups with the longer cut side facing up so that you can see the layers of dough. Allow the buns to rise in a warm, humid area for 30 to 45 minutes, or until they increase in size by 50 percent. If the surface of the buns seems to be drying out, lightly spray them with warm water from a spray bottle.
Meanwhile, preheat the oven to 325°F (160°C). Bake the buns for 18 to 22 minutes, or until they have puffed up and are golden brown around the edges. Sprinkle the shredded cheddar over the buns and bake for 3 to 5 more minutes until the cheese is melted and bubbly. While the buns are warm, use a pastry brush to brush a layer of the reserved melted butter mixture over each bun.